The plate says European outlets may print a migrant overrepresentation in crime and may not print the same gap for a racial minority.
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A migrant bar is marked publishable. A racial-minority bar is marked do not print.
SteelMan: Foreign-born status is a legal category many European statistics already use. Race is often not collected.
Cut: The plate treats the two bars as the same fact under two names. Foreign-born and race are not the same variable.
The plate says Swedish statistics show foreign-background suspects overrepresented in violent crime.
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A Brå-style chart has foreign background above native background.
SteelMan: Brå's 2007-2018 study found a higher risk of being registered as a suspected offender for people born abroad and for people born in Sweden to non-native parents, relative to people born in Sweden to two native-born parents.
Cut: The plate's bars are unlabeled. Brå reports suspected offenders, not convictions, and finds the highest excess risk for Swedish-born children of two non-native parents, much of it from age structure.
The plate says the Swedish gap remains after an age control.
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An age-adjusted pair of bars still differs.
SteelMan: Brå says a major part of the excess risk for Swedish-born children of two non-native parents is the age distribution, and that a gap remains.
Cut: The plate does not print Brå's adjusted ratio. 'Remains' is not a size.
The plate says the Swedish gap is larger for robbery and rape than for traffic offences.
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Three offence bars, robbery and rape taller than traffic.
SteelMan: Brå breaks suspected offending into offence types and finds the pattern is not uniform.
Cut: The plate's offence order is not the Brå table. Drug offences moved differently from violent offences in that study.
The plate says Swedish-born children of foreign-born parents are a third category, not foreign-born and not native.
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Three bars: native, foreign-born, Swedish-born to foreign-born parents.
SteelMan: Brå uses those groups separately. The Swedish-born two-non-native-parent group had the highest relative risk of registration as a suspect.
Cut: The plate collapses that group into a migrant story. Brå's highest-risk group was born in Sweden.
The plate says foreigners are a larger share of French prisoners than of the population.
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A prison bar is marked about a quarter foreign. A population bar is marked under a tenth.
SteelMan: A compilation of Justice Ministry figures puts foreigners at about 24.5 percent of prisoners against about 8 percent of the population.
Cut: The opened page is a secondary compilation, not the ministry table. Foreign nationals include Europeans, and prison share is not an offending rate.
The plate says North African origin accounts for a disproportionate share of French violent-crime suspects.
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A North Africa bar is taller than a population bar.
SteelMan: French police publish nationality of persons implicated for some offences. North African states appear above their population share in several of those tables.
Cut: The plate does not name the table or the year. Origin and nationality are not the same variable.
The plate says Ministry of Justice tables show a higher black offending rate for violent crime.
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A black rate bar is several times the white bar.
SteelMan: England and Wales publish arrests, convictions, and prison population by ethnicity. Black rates are higher for several violent categories.
Cut: The plate's multiple is not opened against a Ministry of Justice table here.
The plate says a higher stop-and-search rate is offered as the cause and does not account for the conviction gap.
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A search bar is high. A conviction bar is also high.
SteelMan: Stop and search is disproportionate. A conviction gap is a later stage and is not produced by the stop alone.
Cut: The plate does not show the two rates. Search disparity and conviction disparity can both be real.
The plate says non-German suspects are overrepresented in violent crime in BKA tables.
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A non-German bar is above a population bar.
SteelMan: The BKA publishes suspect shares by nationality. Non-German suspects are above their population share for several violent offences.
Cut: The plate's bars are unlabeled. Suspect is not conviction, and nationality is not migration background.
The plate says the post-2015 migrant cohort has a higher suspect rate than the earlier foreign population.
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A 2015-plus bar is taller than an earlier foreign-born bar.
SteelMan: BKA has published separate suspect figures for immigrants and asylum applicants.
Cut: The plate does not cite the year or the offence. A cohort rate without age and sex is not comparable.
The plate says Danish conviction statistics show an overrepresentation for non-Western background.
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A non-Western bar is above a Danish-origin bar.
SteelMan: Statistics Denmark publishes convictions by origin, and non-Western origin is above Danish origin for several offences.
Cut: The plate's gap is not opened against a Statistics Denmark table here.
The plate says Dutch-Antillean and Moroccan-origin groups have higher suspect rates than native Dutch.
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Two origin bars sit above a native bar.
SteelMan: Statistics Netherlands publishes suspect rates by migration background. Those two groups are above native Dutch in several editions.
Cut: The plate does not name the year. Second-generation rates are not the first-generation rates.
The plate says Oslo police figures show a foreign-background overrepresentation in violent crime.
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An Oslo bar is split, foreign background larger than its population share.
SteelMan: Oslo police have published suspect background for violent incidents.
Cut: The plate's split is unlabeled. Oslo is not Norway.
The plate says a newsroom rule allows migrant crime and bars racial crime, so the same gap is printed under one name.
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A style card permits migrant and bars race.
SteelMan: Many European outlets will name foreign status and will not name race, because race is not the official category.
Cut: The plate calls this one gap. The official category is foreign-born or nationality, which is why the migrant number exists and the race number often does not.
The plate says victim surveys, not only police records, show the overrepresentation.
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A victim names the offender's origin. A police file is a second stack.
SteelMan: A victim description is independent of an arrest classification. Some countries ask origin in crime surveys.
Cut: The plate does not name a survey. A victim's guess of origin is not a register.
The plate says the European count is foreign-born or nationality, and the American count is race, and the coverage treats only the second as unprintable.
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Two ledgers, Europe by place of birth, America by race. One is marked publishable.
SteelMan: The variables differ. Comparing a foreign-born share to a race share is a category error unless the plate says so.
Cut: The plate's last line treats the two ledgers as the same fact. They are not.